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Mario Giulianelli, Gabriele Sarti, Raghu Arghal · 1 Feb 2026
Understanding an agent's goals helps explain and predict its behaviour, yet there is no established methodology for reliably attributing goals to agentic systems. We propose a framework for evaluating goal-directedness that integrates behavioural evaluation with…
1 Feb 2026
Pathology foundation models (PFMs) generalize well across computational pathology tasks but remain costly for gigapixel whole-slide image analysis. Here, we present LitePath, a deployment-friendly framework that addresses model over-parameterization and patch-level redundancy.
1 Feb 2026
High-fidelity simulations of laser welding capture complex thermo-fluid phenomena, including phase change, free-surface deformation, and keyhole dynamics, however their computational cost limits large-scale process exploration and real-time use.
1 Feb 2026
We establish a general equilibrium theory for systems of large language model (LLM) agents operating under centralized orchestration. The framework is a production economy in the sense of Arrow-Debreu (1954), extended to infinite-dimensional commodity spaces following Bewley…
1 Feb 2026
This paper studies optimization for a family of problems termed $\textbf{compositional entropic risk minimization}$, in which each data's loss is formulated as a Log-Expectation-Exponential (Log-E-Exp) function.
1 Feb 2026
This paper addresses the issue of inversion in cases where (1) the observation system is modeled by a linear transformation and additive error, (2) the problem is ill-posed and regularization relies on a Bayesian strategy, (3)~the prior is modeled by a diffusion process adjusted…
1 Feb 2026
Generalization and approximation capabilities of message passing graph neural networks (MPNNs) are often studied by defining a compact metric on a space of input graphs under which MPNNs are equicontinuous.
1 Feb 2026
Poisson-distributed latent variable models are widely used in computational neuroscience, but differentiating through discrete stochastic samples remains challenging. Two approaches address this: *Exponential Arrival Time* (EAT) simulation and *Gumbel-SoftMax* (GSM) relaxation.
1 Feb 2026
We consider the problem of heteroskedastic generalized linear bandits (GLBs) with adversarial corruptions, which subsumes heteroskedastic linear bandits and logistic/Poisson bandits, in the presence of adversarial corruptions.
1 Feb 2026
Flow-based generative models can be viewed through a physics lens: sampling transports a particle from noise to data by integrating a learned velocity field, and each sample corresponds to a trajectory with its own dynamical effort.
1 Feb 2026
Fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) with Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) offers a resource-efficient way to personalize or specialize. However, LoRA is highly sensitive to hyperparameter choices, and exhaustive hyperparameter search is computationally expensive.
1 Feb 2026
Molecular function is largely determined by structure. Accurately aligning molecular structure with natural language is therefore essential for enabling large language models (LLMs) to reason about downstream chemical tasks.
1 Feb 2026
Pre-trained vision encoders like DINOv2 have demonstrated exceptional performance on unimodal tasks. However, we observe that their features are poorly aligned across different visual modalities.
1 Feb 2026
In general reinforcement learning, all established optimal agents, including AIXI, are model-based, explicitly maintaining and using environment models. This paper introduces Universal AI with Q-Induction (AIQI), the first model-free agent proven to be asymptotically…
1 Feb 2026
Preconditioning is a common method applied to modify Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms with the goal of making them more efficient. In practice it is often extremely effective, even when the preconditioner is learned from the chain.
1 Feb 2026
Objective: This study develops and validates a patient simulation framework that aligns with the National Institute of Standards and Technology AI Risk Management Framework MAP and MEASURE functions, providing an empirical basis for identifying and characterizing performance…
1 Feb 2026
Differentiating through the solution of a quadratic program (QP) is a central problem in differentiable optimization. Most existing approaches differentiate through the Karush--Kuhn--Tucker (KKT) system, but their computational cost and numerical robustness can degrade at scale.
1 Feb 2026
Training data leakage from Large Language Models (LLMs) raises serious concerns related to privacy, security, and copyright compliance. A central challenge in assessing this risk is distinguishing prefix-specific memorization of training data from the generation of statistically…
1 Feb 2026
Automated methods for discovering mechanistic simulator models from observational data offer a promising path toward accelerating scientific progress. Such methods often take the form of agentic-style iterative workflows that repeatedly propose and revise candidate models by…
1 Feb 2026
Diffusion models trained on different, non-overlapping subsets of a dataset often produce strikingly similar outputs when given the same noise seed. We trace this consistency to a simple linear effect: the shared Gaussian statistics across splits already predict much of the…
1 Feb 2026
Sparse Mixture-of-Experts (SMoE) architectures are increasingly used to scale large language models efficiently, delivering strong accuracy under fixed compute budgets. However, SMoE models often suffer from severe load imbalance across experts, where a small subset of experts…
1 Feb 2026
Transformer models systematically favor certain token positions, yet the architectural origins of this position bias remain poorly understood. This bias is closely connected to the Lost-in-the-Middle phenomenon, where models underutilize information placed in the middle of the…
1 Feb 2026
We propose a novel swap-adversarial framework that mitigates high inter-subject variability and the high-dimensional low-sample-size problem in electrocorticography (ECoG) data.
1 Feb 2026
Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being used in a zero-shot (generative) fashion to assess mental health conditions, yet we have limited knowledge on what factors affect their accuracy.