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Joint or Per-Option? Compact Encoders for Closed-Set Decisions from 17 Million to 1 Billion Parameters

22 Oct 2026

Many language-model pipelines end in a closed-set decision, such as selecting a tool. Prompting a large language model for it is slow and order-sensitive. We ask how small an encoder for such decisions can be and whether it should read the options jointly or separately.

Text classification Text Reranking

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