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One Human, $N$ Agents: Audit-Budget Allocation for LLM Agent Fleets under Miscalibrated, Correlated Confidence

A single human must audit $N$ LLM agents under a budget of $B \ll N$ audits per round, guided by self-reported confidence that may be adversarially miscalibrated and by correlated errors.

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2026
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arxiv.org/abs/2607.28317CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0
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Abstract

A single human must audit N LLM agents under a budget of B \ll N audits per round, guided by self-reported confidence that may be adversarially miscalibrated and by correlated errors. We model this as budgeted noisy inspection over a two-level Gaussian copula and locate the miscalibration threshold δ^* past which confidence-ranked auditing is worse than random. Two a-priori expectations reverse: δ^* rises as the budget shrinks, and cross-family correlation is not low---shared difficulty dominates lineage. Five open-weight LLMs show operationally useless (near-constant) confidence, point estimates at or beyond the flip though CIs straddle it; a proprietary model is informative and lands below it. We give a quantitative criterion for vacuous oversight, and replaying policies on recorded traces confirms the ordering.