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GLM-4.5: Agentic, Reasoning, and Coding (ARC) Foundation Models

We present GLM-4.5, an open-source Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) large language model with 355B total parameters and 32B activated parameters, featuring a hybrid reasoning method that supports both thinking and direct response modes.

Year
2025
Venue
arXiv 2025
Authors
169
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arxiv.org/abs/2508.06471ARXIV-DEFAULT
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Abstract

We present GLM-4.5, an open-source Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) large language model with 355B total parameters and 32B activated parameters, featuring a hybrid reasoning method that supports both thinking and direct response modes. Through multi-stage training on 23T tokens and comprehensive post-training with expert model iteration and reinforcement learning, GLM-4.5 achieves strong performance across agentic, reasoning, and coding (ARC) tasks, scoring 70.1% on TAU-Bench, 91.0% on AIME 24, and 64.2% on SWE-bench Verified. With much fewer parameters than several competitors, GLM-4.5 ranks 3rd overall among all evaluated models and 2nd on agentic benchmarks. We release both GLM-4.5 (355B parameters) and a compact version, GLM-4.5-Air (106B parameters), to advance research in reasoning and agentic AI systems. Code, models, and more information are available at https://github.com/zai-org/GLM-4.5.

Authors

169
Jie TangChao YuJiaqi WangGLM-4. 5 TeamAohan ZengXin LvQinkai ZhengZhenyu HouBin ChenChengxing XieCunxiang WangDa YinHao ZengJiajie ZhangKedong WangLucen ZhongMingdao LiuRui LuShulin CaoXiaohan ZhangXuancheng HuangYao WeiYean ChengYifan AnYilin NiuYuanhao WenYushi BaiZhengxiao DuZihan WangZilin ZhuBohan ZhangBosi WenBowen WuBowen XuCan HuangCasey ZhaoChangpeng CaiChen LiChendi GeChenghua HuangChenhui ZhangChenxi XuChenzheng ZhuChuang LiCongfeng YinDaoyan LinDayong YangDazhi JiangDing AiErle ZhuFei WangGengzheng PanGuo WangHailong SunHaitao LiHaiyang LiHaiyi HuHanyu ZhangHao PengHao TaiHaoke ZhangHaoran WangHaoyu YangHe LiuHe ZhaoHongwei LiuHongxi YanHuan LiuHuilong ChenJi LiJiajing ZhaoJiamin RenJian JiaoJiani ZhaoJianyang YanJiayi GuiJiayue ZhaoJie LiuJijie LiJing LiJing LuJingsen WangJingwei YuanJingxuan LiJingzhao DuJinhua DuJinxin LiuJunkai ZhiJunli GaoKe WangLekang YangLiang XuLin FanLindong WuLintao DingLu WangMan ZhangMinghao LiMinghuan XuMingming ZhaoMingshu ZhaiPengfan DuQian DongShangde LeiShangqing TuShangtong YangShaoyou LuShijie LiShuang LiShuxun YangSibo YiTianshu YuWei TianWeihan WangWenbo YuWeng Lam TamWenjie LiangWentao LiuXiao WangXiaohan JiaXiaotao GuXiaoying LingXin WangXing FanXingru PanXinyuan ZhangXinze ZhangXiuqing FuXunkai ZhangYabo XuYandong WuYida LuYidong WangYilin ZhouYiming PanYing ZhangYingli WangYingru LiYinpei SuYipeng GengYitong ZhuYongkun YangYuhang LiYuhao WuYujiang LiYunan LiuYunqing WangYuntao LiYuxuan ZhangZezhen LiuZhen YangZhengda ZhouZhongpei QiaoZhuoer FengZhuorui LiuZichen ZhangZijun YaoZikang WangZiqiang LiuZiwei ChaiZixuan LiZuodong ZhaoWenguang ChenJidong ZhaiBin XuMinlie HuangHongning WangJuanzi LiYuxiao Dong