Robust Recommendation from Noisy Implicit Feedback: A GMM-Weighted Bayes-label Transition Matrix Framework

Label noise is a central challenge in learning from implicit feedback for recommendation. Conventional approaches discard noisy examples for robustness, but this sacrifices data efficiency. Unlike filtering approaches, Bayes-label transition matrix (BLTM) based methods keep all data, but their transition matrix estimates are skewed in practice. To reduce this skew, we introduce GMM-weighted Bayes-label Transition Matrix (RGBT), which augments BLTM with GMM-based instance weights. A GMM assigns each instance a reliability score, and these scores calibrate the BLTM to reduce bias. We show theoretically that RGBT retains all samples for BLTM estimation, yields consistent estimates, and provably reduces variance compared to CLTM. Experiments on real and synthetic datasets show that RGBT handles noisy samples more effectively than sample-selection methods, and calibrates the transition matrix more accurately than existing approaches.